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Arabia: An Overview


 

Arabia is the peninsula that juts out next to Northeastern Africa. It includes present-day Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Oman, UAE, Qatar, Bahrain, and Kuwait. Most of Arabia is dry and hot.

 

I.         Definition

A.       In peninsula in southwest Asia

B.       Between Red Sea and Persian Gulf

C.       Separated from north by Iraq and Jordan deserts

D.       Rub al-Khali ("Empty Quarter") covers about a fifth of Arabia

E.        Includes Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Oman, the United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Bahrain, and Kuwait

F.        Has a third of world oil

G.       Most of production needing water uses water from underground springs

II.      Countries of Arabia

A.   Saudi Arabia

1.        A fifth of Arabian Peninsula

2.        Is a monarchy founded by Abdul Aziz ibn Saud and government guided by conservative Islam which is the official religion

3.        Ibn Saud between 1902 and 1932 formed Saudi Arabia

4.        Have many natural resources like oil, but no permanent rivers

5.        Leader of OPEC, reflects its economy’s dependence on the petroleum reserves

6.        Place of Mecca and Medina and start of Islam

7.        23% of people are foreign, but most are Arab and Arab is official language though English is also important

8.        Has major improvements in education, 68% of people suppose to be enrolled in primary or secondary school enrolled

9.        Women very conservative role and family focus of life

10.      Mainly eat rice with lamb or chicken

B.    Yemen  

1.        In southwestern Arabia

2.        Made on May 23, 1990 as it is now through combination of Yemen Arab Republic and the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen

3.        Known as Arabia Felix ("Happy Arabia") because it’s so well agriculturally and climatically

4.        Became Islamic in 7th century

5.        Most speak Arabic, though there are many dialects

6.        Religion mostly Muslim, but the struggle between Sunnis and Shiites made Shiites, originally powerful, reduced to living in mountains

7.        Very few females in school

8.        Male might wear jambiyya, a type of dagger, and skirt with straw hat or head cloth

9.       Women might wear robes, shawls, and veils

10.     Diet mostly of rice, bread, vegetable, fish, and lamb

11.     Highland people sometimes live in fancy stone or mud brick houses while city-dwellers modern houses or flats

12.     1993 had elections that included women, before, North had militant authoritarian regime and South had centralized socialist party-state

C.       Oman

1.        On east of Arabia

2.        Was important to connection between Mediterranean and Far East

3.        Became independence in 1650 from Portugal, with brief periods of Persian control in 1741-49 and 1798

4.        Became Islamic in 7th century

5.        Great deal of malaria

6.        Omani Arabs account for 75 percent

7.        Arabic main language, English and Asian languages also highly spoken

8.       Muslims majority religion and 88% of people

9.       Free education, 40% literate

10.     Live in extended families and arranged marriages between 1st cousins when possible

11.     Most people live in modern homes

12.     Diet mostly fish, sheep, goat, rice, and dates

13.     Has a Sultan with most of the power, though there are advisory groups, also tries to have separation between government and economics

D.   United Arab Emirates (UAE)   

1.        Near Persian Gulf on the flat coastal plain

2.        Composed of Abu Dhabi (which takes up most of UAE), Dubai, Sharjah, Ras al-Khaimah, Umm al-Qaiwain, Ajman, and Fujairah

3.        Was known as ?st1:place>Pirate Coast?because of number of people in UAE who were pirates

4.        Was only fully independent in Dec. 2, 1971 and permanently in 1996

5.        4/5 of population are foreign immigrants or their dependents

6.        Has young population, like for large families, and good medicare

7.        Non-Arab people are Asians or Iranians

8.        Has Religious freedom though Islam is official religion and Arab is official language, though English, Hindi, Urdu, and Persian are also prominant

9.        Pretty relaxed culturally, probably because so many foreigners

10.      Women's clothe of black abaya and a face mask called the burka are sometimes abandoned for more Western style, and traditional food of grilled lamb with spiced rice sometimes abandoned for Western fast foods

11.      Houses usually modern with air conditioning

12.      Very little poverty because the Sheik spends lots of money on welfare

13.      Have different branches like U.S. in government, but power is still hereditary

E.    Qatar

1.        Is on Peninsula that juts into the Persian Gulf

2.        Became independent from British in Sept. 1, 1971

3.        Very barren and has sandy hills

4.        Most of people live in Doha, the capital

5.        Arabic official language though English used in commerce and government

6.        Most people follow Islamic Wahhabi sect

7.        Is a monarchy, and since 1970, has had a Council of Ministers that have executive power

F.   Bahrain

1.        Is a group of islands in Persian Gulf

2.        3rd millennium BCE was thriving center

3.        Long ago, was known for pearling industry

4.        Experienced Portugal Rule from 1521 to 1602

5.        Persian Rule from 1602 to 1783

6.        Since 1783, ruled by al-Khalifa family (Sunnis)

7.        Sunnis outnumbered by Shiites (70%), an unusual occurrence

8.        Most people native: 63%

9.        92% people live in urban areas

10.      89.1% literacy, higher in males than females and education free

11.      Merchants dominant and Islamic values govern

12.      Most women not leave home, though some in urban areas have given up the traditional veil

13.      Lamb, fish, rice, and dates usually eaten at home, outside, can get Western food

14.      Celebration of birth and marriage important

 

G.    Kawait

1.        In northeast corner of Arabian Peninsula at head of Persian Gulf

2.        Was British colony from 1899-1961

3.        Terrain is mainly flat deserts

4.        85% of people are Muslim

5.        Pretty high per-capita income

6.        Operates under constitutional monarchy

7.        Has air pollution and major enviromental problems as a result of Parisian Gulf War

8.        Most of population live in cities along Persian Gulf Coast

9.        45% population native, rest are foreign and relationship between two are strained

10.      Good health care and social services allow for big population

11.      Arab official language though both it and English taught in schools, Islam official religion and all citizens are Muslim

12.      Most people use Western calendar out of necessity, but go by Islamic calendar

13.      84% literate, built by oil money, and lots of government supported aids

14.     Family really important and private life really private, some have separate structure to receive guests in

15.     Women usually in house and men usually in guest recieving room, revealing cloths frowned upon



Sherry Zhou

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